Quarter 4, Week 4 – Tense Consistency

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 Anglo-American Literature Icon: 

 Stephen King (Born September 21, 1947)

            -Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, crime, science-fiction, and fantasy novels. Described as the "King of Horror", a play on his surname and a reference to his high standing in pop culture,[2] his books have sold more than 350 million copies,[3] and many have been adapted into films, television series, miniseries, and comic books. King has published 64 novels, including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman, and five non-fiction books.[4] He has also written approximately 200 short stories, most of which have been published in book collections.[5][6]

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 Figure of speech in focus 

-Assonance-

-Assonance is a literary device in which the repetition of similar vowel sounds takes place in two or more words in proximity to each other within a line of poetry or prose. 

Example: Son of a gun 

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 TENSE CONSISTENCY  

 -Verb tense consistency refers to maintaining identical tense throughout a clause. The goal is to avoid having a  single time period being described in multiple tenses. If you are refereeing to more than one time period, it is  advisable to start a new clause or a new sentence altogether

Why Is Tense Consistency Important? 

             -Consistent verb tenses clearly establish the time of the actions being described. Shifting from one tense to another without a good reason is not only incorrect but is confusing and distracting as well.

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 Tenses of Verbs 

 -The present tense and the base form of a verb are the same, except for the third person singular (he,  she, or it), which adds –s or –es. The verb be is also an exception to this rule. It may express an action  that is repeated or ongoing. It can also express an action that is happening right now or a situation that is  always true.

            Examples:     Melachi plays the trumpet well. (repeated action, always true) 

                    I feel a cold draft. (right now)

 -The past tense expresses an action that has already occurred. In regular verbs, the past tenses is formed  by adding –ed or –d to the base form. In irregular verbs, the past tense takes a variety of forms. The verb  be uses two past tense forms – was and were

            Examples:     We trounced our archrivals last night. (regular)

                             Jackie leapt for the branch and missed. (irregular)

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-The future tense expresses an action that will take place in the future. The future tense formed by adding  will to the base form.

     Examples:     I will reserve tickets on the morning flight. 

                        The students will debate the issues tomorrow. 

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 Aspect of Verbs 

 Simple 

            – It usually refers to a single action. In general, simple tenses express a facts and situations that  existed in the past, exist in the present, or will exist in the future.

        Simple present:     I drive home every day. 

        Simple past:         I drove home yesterday. 

        Simple future:     I will drive home later.

 Progressive (Continuous) 

            – We use progressive tenses to talk about unfinished events. Progressive  tenses are also called continuous tenses. It is formed by using is, are, was, were, will / shall + -ing form of  the verb

    Past progressive:     I  was driving when you called.

    Present progressive:     I am driving now.  

    Future progressive:     I will be driving when you call.

 Perfect 

            – They express the idea that one event happens before another event. The adverbs never, yet  and already are common in perfect tenses. It is formed using has, have, had, will have + past participle of  verb. 

    Present perfect:    I have driven that road. 

    Past perfect:    I had driven that road in the past.

    Future perfect:    I will have driven 200 miles by tomorrow.

 Perfect Progressive 

            – It expresses duration, or how long? Usually includes the adverbs for or since. It is  formed by using has, have, had, will have + been + -ing form of the verb

    Present perfect progressive:     I have been driving since this morning. 

    Past perfect progressive:     I had been driving for three hours before I  

    Future perfect progressive:     I will have been driving for five hours by the time I arrive.